Three dimensions of organizational interoperability Insights from recent studies for improving interoperability frame-works

Interoperability (IOP) is considered a critical success factor to forge ahead in the online provi-sion of public services. Interoperability frameworks shall give guidance to practitioners what to consider and to do in order to enable seamless interaction with other public authorities and clients. The well known European Interoperability Framework (EIF) and many others are designed as multilayer models, distinguishing between technical, semantic and organizational IOP. For achieving technical IOP there are acknowledged standards; for semantic IOP recognized concepts and methods are available. However, aspects and characteristics of organizational IOP, although considered to be an important success factor for eGovernment projects, are much more heterogeneous and do not provide similar guidance.